Data sources▾

Data center datasets

Mongird, K., Vernon, C., Burleyson, C., Akdemir, K. Z., & Rice, J. (2026). IM3 Open Source Data Center Atlas (v2026.02.09) [Data set]. MSD-LIVE Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.57931/3017294. Derived from OpenStreetMap, © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0.

Mongird, K., Burleyson, C., Akdemir, K. Z., Vernon, C., & Rice, J. (2026). IM3 Projected US Data Center Locations (v1.1) [Data set]. MSD-LIVE Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.57931/3020186. CC BY 4.0.

Live map services

Watersheds (HUC-8): U.S. Geological Survey, Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD), The National Map. hydro.nationalmap.gov

Rivers & streams: U.S. Geological Survey, National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), The National Map. hydro.nationalmap.gov

Wetlands: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). fws.gov/program/national-wetlands-inventory

Water utility service areas: U.S. EPA, Community Water Service Area Boundaries (Q2 2025 SDWIS). © 2025 US EPA, MIT License.

Recycled water lines: Loudoun Water GIS Department, Reclaimed Water Pipe Line.

Wastewater treatment plants: U.S. EPA, 2022 Clean Watersheds Needs Survey (CWNS), national data release (Sept 2026). Design capacity, population served, treatment level, discharge/reuse and documented needs as reported to CWNS. epa.gov/cwns

Drought: U.S. Drought Monitor, jointly produced by the National Drought Mitigation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and NOAA. Current weekly map and weekly history since 2000 (via Esri Living Atlas). droughtmonitor.unl.edu

Streamflow vs. normal: NOAA / NWS Office of Water Prediction, National Water Model analysis and assimilation (experimental NWC Visualization Service "ana_anomaly", 7-day layer). Each stream reach is coloured by its 7-day average flow as a percentile of modeled flows for the same calendar day; reaches between the 26th and 75th percentile (normal) are not shaded. Model estimates, updated daily; not USGS gauge measurements. Public domain. water.noaa.gov

Streamgages: U.S. Geological Survey, Water Data for the Nation — live streamflow (parameter 00060) and gage height (00065) at continuously monitored stations, plus 10 years of daily mean flow, via the USGS Water Data OGC APIs. Status compares the latest flow with daily means for the same time of year (±7 days). Provisional data. waterdata.usgs.gov

Groundwater: U.S. Geological Survey, Water Data for the Nation — daily depth to water at continuously monitored wells (parameter 72019), via the USGS Water Data OGC APIs. Status compares the latest reading with the same time of year (±15 days) in the well's last 10 years. waterdata.usgs.gov

Reclaimed water end uses and providers: U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), Reclaimed Wastewater Providers (utility data 2009–2012, AZ, CA, CO, FL, NV, TX; published June 30, 2016). Matched to CWNS plants within ~2 miles; unmatched providers shown with approximate locations. energy.gov/femp

Satellite imagery: © Google.

Street map: Esri World Street Map — Esri, HERE, Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P, NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community.

Address search: Photon (komoot) and Nominatim geocoders, © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL.

Map software: Leaflet · Esri Leaflet (Powered by Esri) · Turf.js · leaflet-control-geocoder.

Notes

IM3 is led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory with support from the U.S. DOE Office of Science (MultiSector Dynamics). Projected sites are model outputs (CERF – Data Centers), not announced facilities, and are not for site-specific planning. Watershed, water utility, wetland and river/lake links for IM3 sites are looked up live from the USGS, EPA and USFWS services listed above when a popup opens; distances are straight-line from the facility centroid. Data center water-use volumes, restoration projects and the Loudoun Water aggregates come from the Data Center Water Leaks compilation of FOIA and utility records and are not part of the datasets above.
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